<p>Rienzi Plantation House is a historic mansion located at 215 East Bayou Road in Thibodaux, Louisiana.</p><br>
<p>While it gives the impression of dating to c.1840, it is believed that the house was built between 1814 and 1825.</p><br>
<p>Rienzi plantation house is located directly across Bayou Lafourche from the town of Thibodaux. Despite the proximity of a modern shopping center, the house enjoys a historic setting due to the large live oaks on the property. Two of the oaks are registered in the Live Oak Society.</p><br>
<p>The mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 31, 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is significant both historically and architecturally and was built in the "American Style" with center hallways, exterior wall fireplaces with great emphasis placed on balance and symmetry. This is in contrast with the earlier "Creole Style" with rooms arranged en suite with no halls, interior fireplaces and the interior function of the room-defining the placement of windows and doors rather than a more symmetrical plan. However, Rienzi shows a transition from the early style with its primary floor being on the second level and the exposed rafters on the downstairs gallery. The house is thought to be built between 1814 and 1825 is almost square in plan with five bays on each side, measuring approximately 70 by 72. It is built in the peripteral style, surrounded by galleries with brick pillars on the lower story and wooden pillars on the upper story. The ceilings of the first floor are 10 and 14 on the second story. The walls of the house are brick and lumber used for roof rafters, floor joists, etc. are thought to pit-sawn and employ timber framing techniques, i.e. mortise and tenon joints with pegs. The majority of the lumber is cypress with flooring made of long leaf pine. The most unique feature of the house are the central hallways placed in a cruciform plan on each floor. On the lower floor, the halls were originally open to the outside through brick arches, that not only provided access but structurally acted as a relieving or displacing arch, due to the weight of the brick structure. These have been enclosed with doorways in the early 1850s. It has been stated that the first floor was used to stable animals but with four fireplaces on the ground floor the use was for humans. The two front rooms on the upper floor have slip head windows.</p><br>
<p>It is believed that the house has had significant renovations around 1850, 1900 and 1940 as both style and technology motivated owners to make changes. The house is currently undergoing a restoration (beginning in 2012) with a focus restoring the house to its earlier look. Though the house has some Greek Revival detail, (it actually pre-dates that period) the style of the house has been called Tuscan Revival. The handsome double front staircase was probably added during the 1850s renovation though many believe it was added in the 1930s. Several photos beginning in the 1870s show the double staircase intact. The monumental door surrounds have diamond-shaped ornaments, sidelights and transoms. A modern kitchen wing is located to the rear of the house. Of the many plantation houses in the Lafourche Bayou region, Rienzi Plantation is the only example of the fully developed peripteral mode. Moreover, it is one of the very few examples in the Deep South of a plantation house with a cruciform hall plan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Rienzi Plantation House sits on property that was part of the first Spanish Land grant of Henry Schuyler Thibodaux, the namesake of the City of Thibodaux. The grant was made by Baron Carondelet in approximately 1792. After the Louisiana purchase, Thibodaux confirmed that he both inhabited and cultivated the property for ten years prior to the purchase. There is some evidence that a two-story wooden four bay house existed adjacent to the existing house, which is believed to be Thibodaux&#39;s house. (Thibodaux well after the sale of the property became the 5th Governor of Louisiana.) In 1814 the plantation was sold to Henry Fields, a prominent businessman and architect. It is believed that Fields is responsible for the house that exists today, and his architectural skills enabled him to construct a house that exhibited non-typical features of houses of that time. In 1825. the plantation was sold to Henry Johnson, Governor of Louisiana at the time of his purchase. He sold the property to Thomas Bibb, the second governor of Alabama, in 1835, and it is under his ownership that the plantation was first called Rienzi. It is believed that the name comes from the novel and Wagner opera about the 14th-century Italian patriot that was extremely popular during the 1840s.</p><br>
<p>The next owner, Juan Ignacio de Egana, was probably the source of the romantic legend which has been widely publicized. The legend details that the house was constructed by Spanish architects at the request of Spanish Queen Maria Louisa as a possible retreat for her in the event of a Spanish defeat in the Napoleonic Wars. The legend has it that her agent, Juan Ygnacio de Egana, took possession of the home (after Louisiana was ceded to France and sold to the United States) and proceeded to live in the house for nearly fifty years. However, the conveyance records indicate that Juan Ygnacio de Egana, whatever his connection with the Queen, owned the plantation in 1851 and his estate sold the property to Richard Allen in 1861. The 1860 census lists the "Estate of J.Y. de Agana" as consisting of 2,799 acres and 306 slaves. Champomier in his sugar report calls this estate "Riensy Plantation." In 1859 this plantation produced 950 hogsheads of sugar, by far the most in Lafourche Parish.</p><br>
<p>Laborers on Rienzi were some of the first to strike during the fall of 1887 in a movement organized by the Knights of Labor in Thibodaux and the surrounding parishes. During the violence that ensued, Rienzis overseer was shot in the face, though not severely injured. When white vigilantes went on a shooting spree to end the strike, three victims of the massacre died on the plantations grounds.</p><br>
<p>In 1896 Emile Morvant and J. B. Levert bought the plantation in a joint partnership. Subsequently, J.B. Levert acquired the Morvants&#39; interest in 1922 and formed the J.B Levert Land, Inc. In 2004 it was gifted to Nicholls State University and in 2012 purchased by the current owner. The house remains a private residence.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Henry Spence Cobblestone Farmhouse and Barn Complex is a historic home located at Starkey in Yates County, New York. The farmhouse was built about 1848 and is a massive -story, five-bay, center hall building decorated with elements associated with the Greek Revival style. The cobblestone house is built of small, reddish lake washed cobbles. The farmhouse is among the nine surviving cobblestone buildings in Yates County. Also on the property are the remains of six contributing support structures.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Grover Cleveland Birthplace is a historic site located at 207 Bloomfield Avenue in Caldwell, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. It is the only house museum dedicated to USA President Grover Cleveland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was the home where Grover Cleveland was born in 1837. The building, also known as the Caldwell Presbyterian Church Manse, was built in 1832 and served as a Presbyterian church parsonage for the Cleveland family while Grover&#39;s father, Rev. Richard Falley Cleveland, served as a pastor of the local church. Cleveland was originally named Stephen Grover in honor of the first pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Caldwell, but he did not use the name Stephen in his adult life. The family moved to Buffalo, New York in 1841. The Grover Cleveland Birthplace Memorial Association purchased the house in 1913 for use as a museum. In 1934, the state took over operation. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 16, 1977, for its significance in architecture, religion, and local history. It features vernacular architecture with touches of Federal styling</p><br>
<p>Laurel Valley Sugar Plantation is located in Thibodaux, Louisiana. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The plantation was originally owned by a French Acadian named Etienne Boudreaux. He was one of thousands of petit habitants who made their way to southern Louisiana after being expelled from Nova Scotia. Boudreaux bought a Spanish land grant about two miles south of Thibodaux along Bayou Lafourche in 1785.</p><br>
<p>Not much is known about the Boudreaux family, but the 1810 census lists 13 people living at the residence, nine males and four females. The Boudreaux family home, built in 1816, is the oldest surviving structure on property.</p><br>
<p>The property that came to be known as Laurel Valley Plantation was officially sold to Joseph W. Tucker in 1832. Tucker was a Virginian, who bought about 5,000 acres of land along Bayou Lafourche. It was at one time the largest producer of sugar in Lafourche Parish, and a mill was built on the property for this purpose.</p><br>
<p>As many as 135 slaves lived and worked on the property prior to the Civil War. While the main house built by Tucker was burned by Union soldiers during the Civil War, shotgun houses (built circa 1895) and Creole cabins (built circa 1845) remain on the property. The mill stopped production in 1926, and sustained significant damage during Hurricane Betsy in 1965. In 2021, the plantation sustained extensive damage during Hurricane Ida and lost more than a dozen of the original buildings. However, Laurel Valley was able to reopen again 1 month later and currently offers guided tours of the property.</p><br>
<h2>Laurel Valley today</h2><br>
<p>With about 40 original structures remaining it is the largest surviving 19th- and 20th-century sugar plantation complex left in the United States and is still a working sugarcane farm. The general store on the property is open to the public, displaying tools and farm implements used in the cultivation of sugar cane as well as locally made arts and crafts. The store wasn&#39;t originally at the plantation, it had to be moved there. Its proprietor was Leon Z. Boudreaux.</p><br>
<p>Laurel Valley Plantation was added as a historic district to the National Register of Historic Places on March 24, 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>The historic 1,230 acre district comprises about 80 buildings and structures dating from c.1850 to c.1910:</p><br>
<h3>Along LA 308</h3><br>
<p>Plantation Church, also known as Old Fountain Missionary Baptist Church, 29.78633&deg; latitude, -90.78352&deg; longitude, comprises the adjacent cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Double Creole House No. 1, 29.78759&deg; latitude, -90.78452&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>Double Creole House No. 2, 29.7893&deg; latitude, -90.7864&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>Plantation store, 29.78995&deg; latitude, -90.78671&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>Double Creole House No. 3, 29.79033&deg; latitude, -90.78683&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>Creole House No. 1, 29.79016&deg; latitude, -90.78732&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Creole House No. 2, 29.79043&deg; latitude, -90.78741&deg; longitude, built c.1910.</p><br>
<p>Shotgun House No. 1, 29.79076&deg; latitude, -90.78723&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<h3>Main House Complex</h3><br>
<p>Plantation House, 29.80926&deg; latitude, -90.77123&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Servants&#39; Quarters, 29.80899&deg; latitude, -90.77101&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<h3>Single family Creole houses area</h3><br>
<p>Double Creole House No. 4, 29.81018&deg; latitude, -90.77184&deg; longitude. No more standing.</p><br>
<p>School House, 29.81059&deg; latitude, -90.77196&deg; longitude. No more standing.</p><br>
<p>Shotgun House No. 2, 29.81146&deg; latitude, -90.77144&deg; longitude, built c.1910.</p><br>
<p>Creole House No. 3, 29.81187&deg; latitude, -90.77111&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Creole House No. 4, 29.81217&deg; latitude, -90.77087&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Creole House No. 5, 29.81246&deg; latitude, -90.77063&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Creole House No. 6, 29.81276&deg; latitude, -90.77039&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Creole House No. 7, 29.81305&deg; latitude, -90.77015&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Telephone Booth, 29.81334&deg; latitude, -90.77022&deg; longitude. No more standing.</p><br>
<p>Weighing Station, 29.81313&deg; latitude, -90.76981&deg; longitude, built c.1910.</p><br>
<p>Plantation Foreman House, 29.81267&deg; latitude, -90.76911&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<h3>Creole double houses area</h3><br>
<p>Watchman/Overseer&#39;s House, 29.81106&deg; latitude, -90.77268&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Double Creole Tenant House No. 1, 29.81125&deg; latitude, -90.77255&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Double Creole Tenant House No. 2, 29.81141&deg; latitude, -90.77242&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Double Creole Tenant House No. 3, 29.81158&deg; latitude, -90.77228&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Double Creole Tenant House No. 4, 29.81175&deg; latitude, -90.77215&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Double Creole Tenant House No. 5, 29.81192&deg; latitude, -90.77201&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Double Creole Tenant House No. 6, 29.81209&deg; latitude, -90.77187&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Double Creole Tenant House No. 7, 29.81225&deg; latitude, -90.77173&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Double Creole Tenant House No. 8, 29.81243&deg; latitude, -90.77158&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Double Creole Tenant House No. 9, 29.8126&deg; latitude, -90.77145&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Double Creole Tenant House No. 10, 29.81277&deg; latitude, -90.77131&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Creole Tenant House No. 1, 29.81294&deg; latitude, -90.77118&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Office/Carriage House, 29.81306&deg; latitude, -90.77102&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Shop, 29.81316&deg; latitude, -90.77089&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<h3>Production Complex and Shotgun houses</h3><br>
<p>Single Tenant House No. 1, 29.81155&deg; latitude, -90.77347&deg; longitude, built c.1884.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant House No. 2, 29.81172&deg; latitude, -90.77333&deg; longitude, built c.1884.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant House No. 3, 29.8119&deg; latitude, -90.77321&deg; longitude, built c.1884.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant House No. 4, 29.8121&deg; latitude, -90.77305&deg; longitude, built c.1884.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant House No. 5, 29.81327&deg; latitude, -90.77215&deg; longitude, built c.1884.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant House No. 6, 29.81344&deg; latitude, -90.77202&deg; longitude, built c.1884.</p><br>
<p>Multiple Tenant House/Storage Shed, 29.81177&deg; latitude, -90.77259&deg; longitude, built c.1900. No more standing.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 1, 29.81188&deg; latitude, -90.77274&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 2, 29.81201&deg; latitude, -90.77233&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 3, 29.81214&deg; latitude, -90.77254&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 4, 29.81226&deg; latitude, -90.77276&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 5, 29.81242&deg; latitude, -90.77302&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 6, 29.81259&deg; latitude, -90.77331&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 7, 29.81274&deg; latitude, -90.77358&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 8, 29.81221&deg; latitude, -90.77218&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 9, 29.81233&deg; latitude, -90.77238&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 10, 29.81244&deg; latitude, -90.77259&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 11, 29.81261&deg; latitude, -90.77287&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 12, 29.81279&deg; latitude, -90.77314&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 13, 29.81295&deg; latitude, -90.77343&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 14, 29.81247&deg; latitude, -90.77197&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 15, 29.81259&deg; latitude, -90.77218&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 16, 29.81272&deg; latitude, -90.77238&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 17, 29.81288&deg; latitude, -90.77266&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 18, 29.81305&deg; latitude, -90.77294&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 19, 29.81319&deg; latitude, -90.77321&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 20, 29.8128&deg; latitude, -90.77204&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 21, 29.81291&deg; latitude, -90.77223&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 22, 29.81307&deg; latitude, -90.77251&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 23, 29.81324&deg; latitude, -90.77281&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 24, 29.8134&deg; latitude, -90.77308&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Single Tenant Shotgun House No. 25, 29.81354&deg; latitude, -90.77259&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Loading Crane, 29.81339&deg; latitude, -90.77084&deg; longitude.</p><br>
<p>Sugar Mill, 29.81363&deg; latitude, -90.77135&deg; longitude, built c.1850.</p><br>
<p>Exhaust Stack, 29.81412&deg; latitude, -90.77102&deg; longitude, built c.1850.</p><br>
<p>Boarding House, 29.81401&deg; latitude, -90.77149&deg; longitude, built c.1900.</p><br>
<p>Grinding Mill Pump Station, 29.81471&deg; latitude, -90.77147&deg; longitude.</p><br>
<p>Corn Shed Barn, 29.81477&deg; latitude, -90.77083&deg; longitude, built c.1880.</p><br>
<p>Shed, 29.81459&deg; latitude, -90.77076&deg; longitude.</p><br>
<p>Pump House, 29.81397&deg; latitude, -90.77032&deg; longitude.</p><br>
<p>Creole Tenant House No. 2, 29.81372&deg; latitude, -90.77003&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<p>Weigh Station, 29.8136&deg; latitude, -90.77012&deg; longitude, built c.1890.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Several movies have been filmed at Laurel Valley, including Angel Heart, Crazy in Alabama, A Gathering of Old Men, Interview with the Vampire, A Lesson Before Dying, Double Exposure: The Story of Margaret Bourke-White, and Ray.The Depeche Mode Music Video "Freelove" was also filmed on the plantation.</p><br>
<p>The history of the Laurel Valley Plantation was told in an episode of "Mysteries of the Abandoned" (S06E02).</p><br>
<p>Harlem Plantation House is located on Louisiana Highway 39 between Davant and Phoenix, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, on the east bank of the Mississippi River about 5 mi upriver from Pointe à la Hache, Louisiana. It was built around 1840 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 26, 1982. It is a raised Creole-American plantation house.</p><br>
<p>It was substantially renovated around 1910.</p><br>
<p>Like much of the area, the house was damaged by severe flooding when the levees were over-topped during Hurricane Katrina in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Bates Cobblestone Farmhouse is a historic home located at Middlesex in Yates County, New York. The farmhouse was built about 1836 and is a one-and-a-half-story, five bay cobblestone building with a one-and-a-half-story frame rear wing. The house is built of relatively rough and irregularly shaped, sized and colored field cobbles. The farmhouse is among the nine surviving cobblestone buildings in Yates County. Also on the property are two early 20th century contributing support structures.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Ardoyne Plantation House is located on Highway 311 in Schriever, Louisiana, just northwest of Houma, Louisiana. It was built 1894 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 1, 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Louisiana State Senator, and third generation sugar cane farmer, John Dalton Shaffer was looking for a home for his wife, Julia Richardson Cutliff Shaffer. Mrs. Shaffer requested that her husband build her a little cottage that overlooked Bayou Black. In 1888, he purchased approximately one thousand acres of land in Schriever, Louisiana. He then commissioned New Orleans–based architect, John Williams of Williams and Brothers to design and build the main residence on a twenty-acre tract. The location of the house on the property lead, in part, to the name. “Ardoyne” in Scottish means “little hill or knoll” which was the high point of the property, and the name of a Scottish castle. The construction of the main residence began in 1890 and was completed in 1894. Local immigrants of German, Italian and African descent contributed the labor to build the residence and later would comprise a good portion of the labor force that would work the remaining land. These same immigrant workers harvested the cypress and pine trees from the land that was then sent to a mill in St. Louis, Missouri to become the construction lumber for the house.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Ardoyne Plantation is set in a cluster of live oak trees overlooking Bayou Black. This two-story home stands starkly different than the other homes of this era. Looking at the front, the Gothic Revival architecture design adds elements that capture the attention. There is a seventy-five-foot tower at the left, as seen from the front, and two high gables. The tower is “iced” with fine mill work, commonly referred to as “gingerbread”. This “gingerbread” is continued around the top of the gables. The steep roof line accentuates the tower and gables. The walk through window in the tower contrasts with the bay widow of the left gable. The right gable, much narrower and equally as steep, barely frames the window it protects. The entrance porch is supported by square wooden columns, bannisters and high, walk-in windows. The double entrance door is directly below the center gable of the house, but just a little off-centered to the right side. The boldness of the second story tower, gables and windows overshadow the simple entrance doorway. The woodwork for the house, which was milled from the trees from the property, is present in every room of the house. Floors, walls, ceilings and molding are all native wood. There is a seventy-foot-long hallway that leads to a curving cypress stairwell that leads to the second floor. The plantation office is located on the first floor of the tower and the inlaid wood ceiling mirrors the shape of the octagon structure of the tower. Each room is spacious and lit by chandeliers of crystal and brass. The side porch, which has an Eden-like view of the garden is screened in. In the south, this is commonly called a “mosquito porch”. There was a “coach porch”, which is a porch that was tall enough that a horse driven coach could pass through, that was destroyed by Hurricane Betsy in 1965 and never rebuilt.</p><br>
<h2>Connection to other plantations</h2><br>
<p>The first Shaffer to migrate to Terrebonne Parish was William Alexander Shaffer, John Dalton&#39;s grandfather. William came to Louisiana from Camden County, South Caroline in 1828. He moved to Terrebonne Parish and built Crescent Farm Plantation just three miles south of Ardoyne Plantation. Crescent Farm Plantation is still in existence today and house the office of local attorneys St. Martin and Bourque.</p><br>
<p>After the Civil War, William Alexander&#39;s son, John Jackson Shaffer, purchased another sugar cane plantation for himself in 1874, also on Highway 311. Magnolia Plantation was built in 1858 and is only three miles south of Schriever. Magnolia Plantation is one of six surviving Greek Revival style plantation homes in Terrebonne Parish and is currently a private residence. It is located five miles north of Ardoyne and was used as a Union hospital during the Civil War. It is still in the Shaffer family and a portion of the film, 12 Years A Slave was filmed there.</p><br>
<p>Milhado Lee Shaffer married Margaret Krumbhaar, whom had grown up on the Krumbhaar Plantation, which united the two sugar families. The Krumbhaar family, through Margaret&#39;s Grandfather, William J. Minor built the famous Southdown Plantation. This plantation home is also on Highway 311 only a few miles from Downtown Houma, Louisiana, about seven miles from Ardoyne. Today it serves as a museum of local history and gathering place for many outings, music and craft events. Margaret Krumbhaar can also trace her family lineage back to Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis maternal granddaughter of Martha Washington, the wife of President George Washington.</p><br>
<h2>Ardoyne Plantation House today</h2><br>
<p>Ardoyne Plantation has been in the Shaffer family for six generations. It is currently owned by Lee and Susan Shaffer. Lee is a retired military veteran. They currently reside on the second floor of the house. They moved into the house after the passing of Lees grandmother, Margaret Krumbhaar Shaffer in 2007 at the age of ninety-three. The home is open for tours most every week from Tuesday through Saturday with tours at 9:30 a.m., 11:30 a.m., and 2:00 p.m. with no appointments necessary. Each room is a mini museum of fine furniture, paintings and other family and era specific heirlooms from the familys past. Visitors can see Louisiana cypress knee dolls, 300+ antique travel spoons, plantation workers’ pay tokens, antique quilts and needlework, Newcomb pottery, over two-thousand books, wood carvings, and many other sights original to the plantation. It has also been used as a set location for several motion pictures and television shows. There are also about three hundred and fifty acres of active sugar cane farming still taking place on the property.</p><br>
<p>Young-Leach Cobblestone Farmhouse and Barn Complex is a historic home located at Torrey in Yates County, New York. The farmhouse was built about 1836 and is a large late Federal / early Greek Revival style cobblestone structure. It is built of variously colored and shaped field cobbles. The farmhouse is among the nine surviving cobblestone buildings in Yates County. The barn complex includes two barns, a shed, machine shed, and a corn crib.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Yerington Grammar School, also known as Yerington Grammar School No. 9, is a former school in Yerington, Nevada. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, and is currently home to the Jeanne Dini Center, a community and cultural venue.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>At the beginning of the 20th century, an expanding economy and population required a new school to be created. Yerington Grammar School No.9 began to be built.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Two Reno architects were hired to design this 16,600 dollar building, C.D. McDonald and J.J. Beatty. Friedhoff and Hoeffel, two Reno contractors, constructed this -story building to accommodate one hundred children.</p><br>
<p>The bottom floor is made of rusticated concrete blocks, providing a foundation for the main body of the school. The face of the building is quite elaborate, with two balanced pedimented gables over two projecting bays, and a smaller gable over the main entrance. In 1935, this structure was enlarged according to plans created by Delongchamps, preserving the look of the building. This structure continued serving to function of Yerington&#39;s elementary school until 1980. A group of local people led by Jeanne Dini initiated the Yerington Grammar School no. 9 Restoration Project in the 1990s. It was restored and transformed into the Yerington Cultural Center.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Yerington Grammar School no. 9 is located at the intersection of California and Littel streets, two blocks off Main in Yerington, Nevada.</p><br>
<p>The Jemima Wilkinson House, also known as the Friend&#39;s Home, is a historic home located at Jerusalem in Yates County, New York. It is a five-bay, -story Federal-style residence built about 1809–1815. It is named after the preacher known as the Public Universal Friend, whose previous name was Jemima Wilkinson.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Arnold Potter House  is a historic house located at 1445 Voak Road in Potter, Yates County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a massive five-by-five-bay, two-story home built in about 1790 in the Georgian style. It was built by Robert Jordon and also Nathan Warner, an early settler of Nettle Valley & (---) Clark.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 24, 1994.</p><br>
<p>Miles Raplee House is a historic home located at Milo in Yates County, New York. This Greek Revival style structure was built about 1845 and features a monumental proportioned temple portico with full pediment and wide entablature supported by massive two story columns.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Historic functions: Single dwelling, Agricultural outbuildings</p><br>
<p>Ezikial Perry House is a historic home located at Jerusalem in Yates County, New York, USA. It is a two-story, Italianate style frame dwelling built about 1870. It sits on a stone foundation and has a low-pitched hipped roof with dormers and cupola. Also on the property are two wood-frame sheds dated to about 1870.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Narrows Plantation House is located in Lake Arthur, Louisiana. It was built in the 1830s and completely renovated during 1910–12. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP nomination states that the building&#39;s significance rests in its fine Arts and Crafts interior, which stands out in southern Louisiana:In a very general sense the thousands upon thousands of bungalows in the region reflect the influence of the Arts and Crafts movement. But these houses are merely pale and diluted examples of the taste. High style, convincing examples of the movement are very rare. Most bungalows in southern Louisiana have plain interiors with perhaps a brick mantel or a few oak cabinets. Many have Mission or Colonial Revival interiors. By contrast, the interiors at the Narrows feature paneled wainscotting, double framed ceilings, balustrade screens, and a very elaborately articulated staircase. These features set the Narrows interiors among the top few examples in the region. Moreover, in one sense the Narrows is superior to them all. None of the comparable examples known to the State Historic Preservation Office have the degree of openness and spatial complexity found at the Narrows. This single aspect places the Narrows in the vanguard of open planning as it was developing in the early twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>Avondale Plantation Home is a historic plantation house located along Andrews Road, about 0.87 mi southeast of Louisiana Highway 10, and about 1.77 mi east of Clinton, Louisiana. It was built in 1825 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 17, 1982.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-and-a-half-story Greek Revival-style house which was, in 1982, located on an open hilltop near the town of Clinton. In 1980 it was moved 1.5 mi to its actual location, from the Avon Plantation site which had long earlier become a Boy Scout summer camp named Camp Avondale.</p><br>
<p>Roderick M. Morrison House, also known as Morrison-Wagener House, is a historic home located at Milo Center in Yates County, New York. It is a Roman Classical style structure built about 1825.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Morrison was a lawyer from Virginia who moved to the area. George Wagner, the third owner of the home, is believed to have constructed the "secondary" wooden home attached to the main home&#39;s structure.</p><br>
<p>Miramont Castle is a museum located in Manitou Springs, Colorado at the base of the Pike&#39;s Peak Cog Railway and infamous Manitou Incline. The Castle was originally built in 1895 as a private home for Father Jean Baptist Francolon, a French-born Catholic priest. Today, the castle serves as a historic house museum. Located in the Manitou Springs Historic District, it is a National Register of Historic Places listing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Father Francolon was born in France in 1854 into a wealthy aristocratic family. He immigrated to the United States in 1878 at the age of 24 after being recruited by Bishop Lamy of Santa Fe, New Mexico to serve as an assistant priest at the Cathedral of St. Francis of Assisi.</p><br>
<p>After moving around the southwestern United States for nine years to oversee mission churches for various Native American tribes and eighteen small chapels, Father Francolon returned to France for health reasons in late 1886. He would resume his parish duties in the United States a year later and continue into 1892.</p><br>
<p>To restore his failing health, Father Francolon relocated to Manitou Springs, Colorado in 1892. This area was known for its healing mineral mountain spring waters and clean air. His mother would join him in Manitou in July 1893.</p><br>
<p>The property is located on a parcel of land whose earliest deed dates back to 1862. The land was once owned by one of Colorado&#39;s most controversial men, Colonel John Chivington, commander of the infamous Sand Creek Massacre of 1864. Records show he sold the land in 1867 through his son-in-law who had power of attorney, but later filed a lawsuit claiming he had not given the power of attorney. Colonel Chivington would lose the lawsuit, and the land would move from The Colorado Springs Company from 1871-1882 until being sold to the City of Manitou.</p><br>
<p>Father Francolon had collected architectural ideas from his early years of travelling the world with his diplomat father, and would spend hours describing his plans in detail with his contractors. Construction began in the Fall of 1895, where the Manitou Springs Journal would report progress. Miramont gets its name by translating to "look at the mountain," a fitting name for Manitou Springs&#39; mountain town feel. The castle was built with indoor plumbing and electricity.</p><br>
<p>Father Francolon and his mother were deemed recluse by the local community, despite their efforts to give back to the community by hosting two fundraising balls at the castle in 1897. Unexpectedly, the Francolons left Manitou in 1900, leaving behind their furniture to their beloved castle. Madam Francolon would return to France where she would pass away in 1907, and Father Francolon spent his final years in New York City where he would pass away in 1922.</p><br>
<p>The Miramont Castle was vacant from 1900 until 1904 when The Sisters of Mercy were urged to purchase it for use in conjunction with operation of their Montcalm Sanitarium. Father Francolon donated his first Manitou home for their use, mainly treating patients with tuberculosis, and receiving their first patients in 1895. After the original Montcalm Sanitarium burnt down in 1907, the Sisters moved their patients into Miramont, where they would serve for the next 20 years. Miramont became known as Montcalm Sanitarium during this time to keep the familiar name.</p><br>
<p>By 1928, it the sanitarium fell under economic pressure, and the Sisters used the building as a boarding, vacation, and retreat house before eventually vacating. It stood empty until it was sold to private owners in 1946.</p><br>
<p>Popular folklore has it that the castle is haunted with various apparitions and unexplained phenomenon as reported by visitors and staff.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Father Francolon incorporated all the features he liked into one castle. It features nine separate architectural styles randomly incorporated throughout the castle, including Shingle-style Queen Anne, Romanesque, English Tudor, Flemish stepped gables, domestic Elizabethan, Venetian Ogee, Byzantine, Moorish, and half-timber Chateau. Being perched on a mountainside, the front door is on the first level, and the back door is on the fourth, with the two floors in between also having at least one exit to level ground.</p><br>
<p>The castle is over 14,000 square feet, with most rooms being uniquely shaped to fit their purpose. Rarely was there a room with four square corners.</p><br>
<h2>Current</h2><br>
<p>The house is now a Victorian-era historic house museum that is owned and operated by the Manitou Springs Historical Society. Visitors can tour 42 furnished rooms. The site also features a tea room, gift shop, and castle gardens. The castle can be reserved to host weddings and other occasions.</p><br>
<p>Mamaroneck United Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church located at 546 East Boston Post Road in Mamaroneck, Westchester County, New York. It was built in 1859 and is a one-story, Gothic Revival style building of wood-frame construction with a gable roof. It is rectangular in form with a rear, two story, transecting wing built in 1869. It features a semi-engaged central tower flanked by stylized buttresses and topped by an octagonal spire.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Overackers Corners Schoolhouse is a historic school located at Middlesex in Yates County, New York. It is an Italianate style structure built about 1874. The school reopened in 1998 after renovation by the Middlesex Heritage Group.," by</p><br>
<p>Bill Treichler, The Crooked Lake Review, Fall 1998.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Overackers Corners School</p><br>
<p>1874 – 1938</p><br>
<p>In 1874, the brick schoolhouse on the corner of North Vine Valley Road and State Route 364 was built. The school was heated by a large round stove, had no running water, and no electricity. Students daily carried water from a local well to the school. There was a large woodshed, and as required, there were two separate outhouses. The teacher&#39;s desk was on a platform just inside the front door. The school was used until June 1938 when the Middlesex schools were consolidated. The last teacher was Hazel Dinehart Robeson.</p><br>
<p>After it closed, the building was sold to Leon G. Button, who used it for grain storage until 1989 when it was leased to the Middlesex Heritage Group. In 1998, after 10 years of renovations, the school was opened as a museum. The school was placed on the National and State Registry of Historic Places in 1994. In 2014, the Pomeroy Foundation donated a plaque recognizing this achievement.</p><br>
<p>Facts About the Overackers Corners School</p><br>
<p>• Built in 1874 on land purchased from Edward and Margaret Hennessy</p><br>
<p>• It was designated District #3, Town of Middlesex, for grades 1 – 8</p><br>
<p>• Named after a family that lived nearby</p><br>
<p>• Bricks from a nearby blacksmith shop were crumbled and used as a foundation for the school</p><br>
<p>• Bricks for the walls may have been made in a brick factory that was located on the next door Button Farm</p><br>
<p>• Closed after the 1937-38 school year due to the centralization of schools as Middlesex Valley Central School District</p><br>
<p>• Some of the teachers who taught there were: Lillian Boyd, Gordon Foster, Nellie Bennett, Mrs. Stanley Voorhees, Ruth Halstead, Carrie Razey, Lela Robson, Nellie Button, Bertha Noble, Alice DeWick, Patrick H. Sheehan, Frank Matteson, Harlan Smith, and Hazel Dinehart Robeson</p><br>
<p>• Sold at a public auction to Leon G. Button on November 11, 1939 for $128.50</p><br>
<p>• 1953 Anson Wagar presented a 4’ X 5’ picture of the school to hang in the Middlesex Valley School. After many years it was taken down and stored where it was damaged. In 2014, the Middlesex Heritage Group was awarded a grant to restore the painting. It is currently on display at the Town Hall in Middlesex.</p><br>
<p>• The picture of the school was in the November 1933 issue of National Geographic, page 560.</p><br>
<p>Dundee United Methodist Church is a historic Methodist church located at Dundee in Yates County, New York. It is a Gothic Revival style brick and frame structure built in 1899. The entrance features a paneled double door surmounted by a large, stained glass, Gothic arched transom light trimmed with splayed brick lintels. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church located at Dundee in Yates County, New York. It is a Romanesque style brick structure, with limestone and terra cotta trim, built in 1895. It is distinguished by two multi-story towers, broad cross gables, bold, turret-like pinnacles and finials, and finely crafted corbelled brock trim.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Esperanza, also known as John Rose House, is a historic home located at Jerusalem in Yates County, New York. It is a Greek Revival style structure with a -story, side-gabled main block and a -story, side-gabled west wing. It was built in 1838 and features a massive 2-story portico composed of four Ionic columns supporting a full entablature and pediment. The mansion is ideally situated on Keuka Lake in Yates County, near several wineries. The Seneca Lake Wine Trail is minutes away.</p><br>
<p>The Esperanza Mansion was built by John Nicholas Rose and his wife Jane Macomb. The Rose family lived in the home until 1870. During that time, Rose became one of the wealthiest citizens in the area. The mansion changed hands several times in the subsequent years:</p><br>
<p>1873: Clinton Snow bought the farm from the Roses. He was a vineyardist and an authority on grape culture.</p><br>
<p>1903: Wendel T. Bush, a financier from New York City, purchased the mansion as his summer home. He made major renovations and changed the landscaping. His wife, Mrs. Bush launched the Yates County’ Women&#39;s Suffrage campaign there in 1911.</p><br>
<p>1912: Clinton Struble purchased the property. He was a local man from Penn Yan.</p><br>
<p>1922: Yates County bought the mansion and converted it to a county home. The county installed plumbing, heating, electric lights, and fire escapes.</p><br>
<p>1948: The county could no longer afford to maintain the property, selling it to Garrett Bacorn. He did not inhabit it and it was vacant and severely vandalized over the next 20 years.</p><br>
<p>1967: Betty Bader purchased the mansion to establish a gallery for local artists. She died before restoration was complete.</p><br>
<p>1979: The mansion became the home of Chateau Esperanza Winery.</p><br>
<p>1985 - A real estate developer proposed a restoration of the mansion for a hotel, in addition to several townhouses on the land uphill from the mansion. Real estate values suddenly changed, and the plans were scrapped.</p><br>
<p>- Shay and Edwards purchased the property for a bed and breakfast with a restaurant, but the repairs and maintenance were too extensive.</p><br>
<p>2002 – David and Lisa Wegman purchased the property, completely renovating it.</p><br>
<p>2003 – After major rehabilitation, Esperanza Mansion was reopened as a 22-room inn and banquet facility.</p><br>
<p>2016 – The facility was closed.</p><br>
<p>2017 – Banquet workers settled a class action lawsuit alleging that customers paid mandatory service charges that were not passed onto them. That same year the mansion went into foreclosure.</p><br>
<p>2018 – The property went up for public auction, but there were no bids.</p><br>
<p>2019 - Purchased at bank auction and put under complete restoration.</p><br>
<p>August 2019 - Larry/Betty Mellonbacher and Todd/Mary Alexander reopen Esperanza mansion as a casual fine dining restaurant with 30 rooms to stay overnight in as well as a banquet room occupying at most 250 people.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Robert Ingersoll Birthplace, also known as Robert Green Ingersoll Birthplace Museum, is a historic home located at Dresden in Yates County, New York. It is a Federal-style structure that consists of a two-story, three-bay, gable-roofed central block with a two-part, -story saltbox ell on the west side. The central block and the front portion of the ell were built separately and joined sometime before they were moved to their present location prior to 1833. The rear portion of the ell was added on-site at the current location at an unknown date.</p><br>
<p>The house was the birthplace of noted agnostic and politician Robert G. Ingersoll (1833–1899).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988, and added to New York State&#39;s Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History of the home</h2><br>
<p>The central block was built circa 1800 as a Congregational church parsonage. It was originally located on Charles Street in Dresden, a few hundred feet south and east of its current location. It was constructed of donated materials by volunteer labor. The front portion of the ell was built circa 1800 in Hopeton, a settlement two miles east of Dresden which failed early in the nineteenth century. Several buildings were moved downhill to Dresden, presumably by sledge during a snowy winter. The front portion of the ell and the central block were united on the current Main Street site sometime prior to 1833 and the rear portion of the ell added on-site.</p><br>
<h2>Ingersoll</h2><br>
<p>Robert Green Ingersoll was born here while his father, the Rev. John Ingersoll, was employed as pastor of Dresdens Congregational Church. During that time his family resided in the parsonage. A staunch abolitionist well before this position became popular in the North, Rev. Ingersoll tended not to hold a ministerial appointment very long, and his tenure in Dresden was no exception. The Ingersolls left Dresden when baby Robert was but four months old. Given Roberts brief residence, one might question the appropriateness of placing an Ingersoll museum at the birthplace. This Dresden house is the only one of Robert Ingersolls residences now standing. For this reason the Dresden building has been celebrated by freethinkers since shortly after his death. Upon Ingersolls death in 1899, his brother-in-law and official publisher Charles P. Farrell launched the Dresden Publishing Company, named for the village of his birth, to publish a multi-volume set of Ingersoll&#39;s collected works. When published in 1900, the first volume bore an engraving of the birthplace. The birthplace has been restored and opened as an Ingersoll museum three times. In 1921 a large committee including Thomas Edison, Luther Burbank, Edgar Lee Masters, and members of the Ingersoll family opened the birthplace as a museum, community house, and public library. The facility closed during the Depression and fell into disrepair. In 1954, a committee led by atheist activist Joseph Lewis restored the building again and operated it as an Ingersoll museum for several years.</p><br>
<h2>Current museum</h2><br>
<p>Tom Flynn designed the freethought museum at the birthplace of nineteenth century agnostic orator, and was its director from the time it opened to the public in 1993 until his death in 2021.</p><br>
<p>In 1986 the birthplace, a two-story frame house in the small village of Dresden (pop. 300), was badly deteriorated. CODESH Inc., as the Council for Secular Humanism was then known, purchased the property for $7,000 and pressed successfully for its inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. Some $250,000 was then raised from grant-makers and the public; between 1987 and 1991 the house was stabilized and rehabilitated. Though Flynn was employed at CODESH during this period he was not closely involved with the purchase and rehabilitation, which were orchestrated primarily by chairman Paul Kurtz, then-Free Inquiry editor Tim Madigan, and colleague Richard Seymour. In 1992 it was decided to establish a museum at the birthplace, and Flynn was chosen to develop the museum. Flynn tells D.J. Grothe on Point of Inquiry, "He literally was seen or heard by more Americans than would see or hear any other human being until the advent of motion pictures or radio."</p><br>
<p>The Robert Green Ingersoll Birthplace Museum opened on Memorial Day weekend in 1993. The Museum has been open to the public on weekends each summer and fall ever since. Conspicuous developments have included, in 2001, installation of a large bust of Ingersoll that had decorated a Dowagiac, Michigan, theater razed in 1968. In 2003, a historically accurate front porch was added by volunteer contractor (and Ingersoll descendant) Jeff Ingersoll. In that year the Museum also adopted its current tagline, referring to Ingersoll as "the most remarkable American most people never heard of," a reference to his near-exclusion from history by religious detractors. In 2004 a lost grand march titled Ingersolia, composed by prolific Gilded Age composer George Schleiffarth (died 1921), was rediscovered and its score displayed at the Museum. In 2005 two interpretive Web sites made their debut: a virtual tour of the Ingersoll Museum and a celebration of freethought and radical reform history within a rough 100-mile radius of the Ingersoll Museum, the Freethought Trail. In 2008 the large commemorative plaque marking the location of Ingersolls New York City residence, removed from the Gramercy Park Hotel when that property was rehabilitated as a boutique hotel, was installed in the Museum. In 2009, the current high-definition widescreen orientation video was installed, featuring the Ingersolia March unearthed in 2004. In 2009 the Museum received a large number of artifacts and papers from the estate of Eva Ingersoll Wakefield, Robert Ingerolls, last surviving granddaughter. Selected items were displayed beginning in 2010.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, the museum interior was fully renovated. Display cases were refurbished and all-new interpretive signage was developed, including professionally designed mural-sized wall graphics. A formerly private room on the second floor was added to the public display space. The new interior was named the T. M. Scruggs Museum Interior, honoring the largest donor to a 2013 capital campaign to fund the renovation.</p><br>
<p>The Levi B Frost House, also known as the Asa Barns’ Tavern, is a historic building in the Marion village of Southington, Connecticut. The home represents over two centuries of Southington history. It appears twice on the National Register of Historic Places, as an individual structure and as a part of the Marion Historic District. It is significant both architecturally and historically for its connection to United States and New England history.</p><br>
<p>Asa Barns established a tavern here around 1765, when Marion Avenue was part of a north–south road connecting Bristol and New Haven. Barns entertained Rocchambeau and his officers in his tavern for the four nights of the encampment. He gave a ball at the tavern in their honor, at which a large number of the young women of the vicinity were present and esteemed it an honor to have a cotillon with the polite foreigners.</p><br>
<p>Barns lived in the house until his death in 1819, The Frost-Rugg partnership did not last long, however, and the men parted ways. Frost was a blacksmith who specialized in shoeing oxen and making hand-forged bolts and other products, and he bought the house from Barns in 1820. The house served as his blacksmith shop, his home, and his country store.</p><br>
<p>The house burned in 1836, and the extent of damage is unknown, although a record indicates the front part of the building burned. Frost rebuilt it in 1836 in the newer Greek Revival style What is uncharacteristic of the Greek Revival style is the building&#39;s length of 50 feet, which may be the result of the original 18th-century structure. Investigators believe that the large rear room appears older than the rest of the house and, according to local lore, may be the pre-1836 taproom of the former tavern. The supporting beams under the rear portion of the house are tree trunks with bark intact, indicating that this part of the building is older.</p><br>
<p>The house has remained a private residence and came under the protection of the National Park Service in 1987 when listed to the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural and historical significance. It is also part of the Marion Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Larzelere Tavern is a historic inn and tavern located two miles north of Branchport in Yates County, New York. It is a large, 2-story, three-bay-wide, four-bay-deep, rectangular gable-roofed main block with a -story, gable-roofed side wing. Also on the property are two historic outhouses and a shed / garage. Built originally as an inn and tavern, the structure was later used as a Grange Hall and later as a bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>US Post Office-Penn Yan is a historic post office building located at Penn Yan in Yates County, New York. It was designed and built in 1912–1913 and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, James Knox Taylor. It is a symmetrically massed, -story red brick structure on a granite-clad raised basement in the Colonial Revival style. It is a contributing element in the Penn Yan Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Penn Yan Historic District is a national historic district located at Penn Yan in Yates County, New York. The district consists of 65 acre and contains 281 structures, 210 of which are contributing. It includes a broad range of architecturally significant resources that document the village&#39;s development from the 1820s to 1929. It includes representative examples of residential, commercial, industrial, civic, and ecclesiastical structures. Highlights include the Birkett Mills, the Chronicle Building, Knapp Hotel, and the Castner House. Located within the boundaries of the district are the separately listed Yates County Courthouse Park District and the USA Post Office building . Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Yates County Courthouse Park District is a national historic district located at Penn Yan in Yates County, New York. The district consists of two acres and contains the Yates County Courthouse, First Baptist Church, the County Office Building, the Old Jail, and the Courthouse Park. The park includes a Civil War monument to the 2,109 county soldiers who served in the war.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 and, since 1985, has been contained entirely within the larger Penn Yan Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Crooked Lake Outlet Historic District is a national historic district located near Penn Yan in Yates County, New York. The district is located along a seven-mile recreational trail  that parallels the Keuka Lake Outlet. The district includes several mill sites along the gorge. It also includes nine areas that contain surface and subsurface archaeological remains.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Dundee Village Historic District is a national historic district located at Dundee in Yates County, New York. Notable buildings include the former school housing the Greater Dundee Historical Society , Dundee State Bank , Baptist Church , and a variety of mid- to late-19th century commercial buildings. The district encompasses 78 contributing buildings and 6 contributing objects in the historic core of Dundee. It includes the separately listed Dundee Methodist Church and First Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Warenski-Duvall Commercial Building and Apartments, built in 1915, is a two-story brick, two part commercial block that is listed in National Register of Historic Places. The building is significant for its role in the early urbanization of Murray, Utah. The Warenski-Duvall building represents a building-type common during the early-twentieth century development of Murrays commercial business district and it is also part of the Murray Downtown Historic District. The buildings owner was Edward J. Warenski, an early resident of Murray who owned a saloon and grocery store on State Street. Warenski and his family lived just north of the store. In 1923, the Duvall family purchased the building and divided the upper floor into apartments where family members and other workers in downtown Murray lived.</p><br>
<p>The Warenski-Duvall Commercial Building and Apartments is a transitional building in the context of Murray City&#39;s development. This building represents the changes brought to the economic and social structure of the community in the first quarter of the twentieth century. Between 1902 and the 1930s, commercial buildings lined State Street from 4700 South to 5000 South. Most of these businesses were owned by second-generation Mormons who had left their farms for more lucrative employment, but a few were owned by immigrant families originally brought to Murray by the smelter industry.</p><br>
<p>Edward Charles and Susannah Aldian Warenski were immigrants from Poland and England, respectively, who settled in Salt Lake City in the 1860s. By the start of the 20th century, Edward, Susannah and their children had moved to Murray. The Warenski family owned most of the block between 4800 South and Vine Street, west of State Street. The older store that existed on this site was demolished and the two-story brick Warenski building was constructed in 1915. Among the first retail tenants of the building after the Warenski grocery store were Frank Metcalfs Automotive Repair & Accessories Company at 4865 South State, Granite Furniture Company at 4867 South State, and Carlisle Motor Company at 4877 South State.</p><br>
<p>On June 6, 1923, the Warenskis sold the commercial building to John W. Johnson in 1923. John Johnson and his brother-in-law, Tony Duvall, remodeled the upper floor into apartments. Tony Duvall also built and managed the Gem Theatre (see Iris Theater) just to the north of the Warenski building. At their new location, the Johnsons and Duvalls followed the practice of living in apartments above the theater. By 1925, Tony and his wife, Marguerite Morris Duvall, were managing the Gem Theatre and living in what were called the Duvall Apartments in the former Warenski building. Minnie Torrance Duvall, who helped finance her family&#39;s involvement in the theaters, also moved to the Duvall Apartments in Murray.</p><br>
<p>In 1926, Tony Duvall was given "control of attorney" to take over the Duvall Building, as the building was by then known. The anchor tenant was the Thomas Martin & Company general merchandise store that occupied the largest retail space. The Murray Post Office took over the space on February 1, 1926. The tenancy of all three retail spaces remained constant for the next two decades with the J.P. OBrien Jewelry Store at 4869, the Leader Clothing Store at 4873, and the post office at 4879 South State. The Duvall Apartments were occupied throughout this period by members of the Duvall family and others, most of whom worked in Murrays central business district.</p><br>
<p>US Post Office-Clyde is a historic post office building located at Clyde in Wayne County, New York. It was designed and built in 1940–1941 and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, Louis A. Simon. It is a -story steel-framed, brick building on a raised foundation with a limestone watercourse, in the Colonial Revival style. The interior features a mural by artist Thomas Donnelly executed in 1941 and titled Apple Pickers.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>US Post Office-Lyons is a historic post office building located at Lyons in Wayne County, New York. It was designed and built in 1931–1932 and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, James A. Wetmore. It is a 1-story, five-by-six-bay, brick building with a pedimented entrance in the Colonial Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>US Post Office-Newark is an historic post office building located at Newark in Wayne County, New York. It was designed and built in 1911–1913 and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, James Knox Taylor. The original, main block is a 1-story, five-by-three-bay building clad in stucco and executed in the Classical Revival style. The large rear wing was added to the building in 1938–1939.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>J. and E. Baker Cobblestone Farmstead is a historic home located at Macedon in Wayne County, New York. The Gothic Revival style, cobblestone farmhouse consists of a -story, five-by-three-bay, rectangular main block with a 1-story side ell. It was built about 1850 and is constructed of nearly perfectly round, medium-sized, lake-washed cobbles. The house is among the approximately 170 surviving cobblestone buildings in Wayne County.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Charles Bullis House is a historic home located at Macedon in Wayne County, New York. The Federal style, cobblestone house consists of a 2-story main block with a -story frame wing. It was built about 1839 and is constructed of irregular, rough, moderate sized cobbles. The house is among the approximately 170 surviving cobblestone buildings in Wayne County.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>The Charles Bullis House (1839–42) is a well-preserved, architecturally significant representative example of nineteenth century cobblestone residential architecture. Cobblestone construction in the pre-Civil War period is almost exclusively found in the Western and Central New York region. One of the 170 surviving cobblestone buildings in Wayne County, its design incorporates both Federal and Greek Revival style features, as was common in vernacular buildings of the 1830s. The location of the house reflects the typical pattern of nineteenth century settlement of Wayne County. The farm site is situated adjacent to the Barge Canal (originally, the Erie Canal) on a major historic north–south road linking the village of Macedon and Macedon Center with the Lake Ontario shore, and one-half mile from the principal and historic east–west travel route (Rt. 31) traversing the southern portion of Wayne County. The house remained virtually intact and under the ownership of the Bullis Family until 1984.</p><br>
<p>Charles H. Bullis, his wife Ellen, and children, Abraham, Emma, and Keley, left Manchester Vermont in November 1838 to journey west to settle in Ohio. They traveled across New York State by canal boat on the Erie Canal and stopped at Macedon to visit Charles&#39;s sister. They decided to settle there, and, on April 1, 1839, Charles purchased a 59-acre farm adjacent to the Erie Canal from Charles and Lydia Smith for $2,631.64.</p><br>
<p>Little is known about Charles Bullis. Like many farmers from New England, Bullis presumably left the rocky soils of Vermont to seek richer farm lands. In Macedon, Wayne County, he found a milder climate, fertile soils enriched by the nearby Mud Creek, which were favorable for growing wheat and corn and raising livestock, as well as the convenience of conveying produce to markets by canal. In addition, the property was only one-half mile from the main east–west road which ran between Pittsford and Palmyra, and situated on a major north–south road to the Lake Ontario shore.</p><br>
<p>When the Bullis family first settled on the farm, it is believed that they lived in a small, one-story frame building that had been moved from a former Erie Canal work camp settlement located on the property near the canal to the site of the present frame ell on the west side of the main portion of the house. During the 1983 restoration, the east wall of the existing frame ell was removed, ~exposing the west wall of the cobblestone house. The outline of a one-story frame building was evident as large stones and rough mortar filled the space within the outline, indicating an inside wall; above the outline showed the finished cobblestone which was originally the outside wall of the main house.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the main cobblestone house began in 1839 and was completed in 1842. It is believed that the family gathered small fieldstones on the farm for the construction. The solidification of the mortar was a much slower process than the hard, fast-drying Portland cement of today. Work on the enlargement of the Erie Canal was also in progress, and the mason working on the Bullis House may have also been a canal worker.</p><br>
<p>The existing one-and-half story ell replaced the original frame structure about 1845, based upon material evidence excavated by archeologists from the Rochester Museum and Science Center in 1979. Stone foundations of another structure attached to the ell were revealed and dated about 1855.</p><br>
<p>In 1863 Charles Bullis deeded the property to his son, Dr. Abraham Bullis, who lived and practiced medicine in the neighboring town of Farmington. Charless wife Ellen and his daughter Emma retained life use of the house, unt1l 1879 and 1905 respectively. In 1866 upon the death of both Charles and Abraham, the property was passed on to Abrahams son Abraham R. Bullis (1854-1928), who was a civil engineer. His children, Charles and Nettie, retained ownership of the property until their deaths in 1974 and 1979 respectively.</p><br>
<p>Six of the 59 acres (approximately ten acres were taken for the canal and railroad rights of way) were bequeathed to the Landmark Society, while the remaining acreage was left to the town of Macedon (now Bullis Park). In 1984, the property was sold as a single family home.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Bullis House is significant as a distinctive example of early nineteenth century cobblestone architecture. This construction technique is primarily found in Central and Western New York and appears to be the result of both geologic and historic factors. Cobble-sized stones, deposited by the Ice Age glacier about 40,000 years ago, are abundant along the southern Ontario Lake plain. According to a study by Robert Roudabush, approximately 60% of more than 660 cobblestone buildings in New York State are located in an area between the Genesee River and Syracuse, which has an abundance of drumlins and other major stone deposits.</p><br>
<p>Another geologic factor important to the cobblestone architecture phenomenon is the presence of limestone outcroppings found in this region. The lime processed from the rock was used in making hydraulic cement for the construction of the Erie Canal and was a primary ingredient for making mortar used in cobblestone construction.</p><br>
<p>The men who built cobblestone structures are believed to have been skilled masons who worked on the Erie Canal, from its initial construction (1817-1825) through its periods of enlargement (1832-1862). In fact, the period of cobblestone architecture coincides with the period of Erie Canal construction and reconstruction: the earliest structures built about 1825 and the last erected about 1860.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Bullis House exemplifies the early period of cobblestone architecture (approximately 1825–1845), characterized by rows of rough, rounded field stones of irregular shape and moderate size, and separated by horizontal mortar joints in the shape of a projecting V-shape. While most cobblestone structures had quoins and lintels of limestone or sandstone, the Charles Bullis House is one of only eight cobblestone buildings in Wayne County with brick quoins and lintels.</p><br>
<p>While cobblestone buildings were constructed for a variety of uses including churches, schools, stores, barns, smokehouses, and others, most cobblestone buildings were farmhouses, erected after farmers had cleared their lands of forests (and fieldstones) for cash crops. The farmers became prosperous from the markets made available by the canal and many took advantage of the abundance of cobblestones and skilled masons to build these distinctive homes.</p><br>
<p>Although built in 1839, during the period when the Greek Revival style was predominant, the Charles Bullis House, like many cobblestone farmhouses erected before 1840, retains the plan and massing of the Federal style and is refined with both Federal and Greek Revival style details. The house&#39;s characteristic Federal elements include the rectangular plan, low pitched roof, symmetrically spaced windows, semi-elliptical louvered fans in the gables, inside rectangular chimneys located at the gable ends, quoins, and window lintels with splayed ends. Although the cornice is narrow, following the Federal style, the moldings are Greek Revival in scale. The doorway is well-proportioned, with sidelights and narrow pilasters, but contains a simply glazed architrave instead of a more elegant Federal style fanlight. Inside the architrave trim moldings throughout most of the house and the two simple fireplace mantels reflect the Greek Revival influence. The simple, but elegant, stair banister and the molded trim and block corner moldings found in the southeast room on the first floor are also typical Federal details.</p><br>
<p>Walling Cobblestone Tavern is a historic tavern located at Sodus in Wayne County, New York. The Federal style, cobblestone building is a two-story, five-bay, gable roofed structure. It was built about 1834 and is constructed of irregularly shaped, multi-colored, field cobbles. It is now a single-family dwelling. The structure is among the approximately 170 surviving cobblestone buildings in Wayne County.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Wallington Cobblestone Schoolhouse District No. 8 is a historic one room school located at Sodus in Wayne County, New York, United States. The Federal style, cobblestone building is a one-story, three-bay, center hall gable roofed structure with a louvered, gable roofed bell tower.</p><br>
<p>It was built about 1834 and is constructed of irregularly shaped, multi-colored, field cobbles. It ceased to function as a school in 1950 and is now a local historical museum used for school groups. The structure is among the approximately 170 surviving cobblestone buildings in Wayne County.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Roe Cobblestone Schoolhouse is a historic one room school located at Butler in Wayne County, New York. The cobblestone building is a one-story, 28 feet long by 22 feet deep, three bay wide structure. It was built about 1820 and is constructed of irregularly shaped, multi-colored, field cobbles. It ceased to function as a school in 1932, used as a single family residence, and is now operated as a schoolhouse museum by the Butler Historical Society, which also operates the Butler Church Museum. Both museums are open on the first Saturday of the month from May through October.</p><br>
<p>The structure is among the approximately 170 surviving cobblestone buildings in Wayne County. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Methodist Episcopal Church of Butler is a historic former Methodist Episcopal church located at Butler Center in Wayne County, New York. It is a rectangular, gable roofed frame building designed in a vernacular Greek Revival style and built about 1836. It rests on a cobblestone foundation and is surmounted by an open belfry. Also on the property is a cemetery , established in 1864.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Butler Church Museum</h2><br>
<p>The building is now operated as the Butler Church Museum by the Butler Historical Society. It is open on the first Saturday of the month from May through October.</p><br>
<p>The Society also operates the Roe Cobblestone Schoolhouse as a museum.</p><br>
<p>Grace Episcopal Church Complex is a historic Episcopal church complex located at Lyons in Wayne County, New York. The complex consists of a contributing stone church building begun in 1838, a contributing frame rectory begun about 1833, and a contributing parish house built in 1887–1888. The church building is Gothic Revival in style and constructed of rubble limestone walls with cut limestone trim. The rectory is an irregularly massed two story, wood-frame building incorporating a former private residence built at this site about 1833 in the vernacular late Federal / early Greek Revival style. The parish house is a single story, frame building designed in the Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>East Palmyra Presbyterian Church is a historic Presbyterian church located at East Palmyra in Wayne County, New York. It is a vernacular Romanesque style brick and stone church built in 1868–1869. The front facade features a square tower composed of stone capped brick buttresses, a belfry articulated by brick pilasters and corbelled brick trim, and a tall, octagonal spire.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The old Oconee County Jail was a former jail located on Short Street in Walhalla, South Carolina, in Oconee County. The jail was located on the grounds of the current Oconee County Courthouse. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on November 14, 1982, along with the Oconee County Cage. At the time of its listing, the jail was one of the few remaining nineteenth or twentieth century jails in upper northwestern South Carolina. It was demolished around 1985. Subsequently, it was delisted on December 12, 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Early 20th-century county penal system</h2><br>
<p>In the early twentieth century, county jails were primarily for holding individuals who were awaiting trial that could not afford bail. In 1916, about 94% were in county chain gangs and about 6% were at the state penitentiary. In this period of racial segregation, white prisoners were separated from African-American prisoners.</p><br>
<p>Instead of being housed in the county jail, chain gangs were housed in cages, cars, or tents near the work site. The cages and cars could be used to also transport the convicts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Oconee County was formed in 1868 and Walhalla was made its county seat. In the next year, a contract was given to build a wooden jail. In 1901, the South Carolina General Assembly loaned Oconee County USD $12,000 to construct a new jail and for repairs and remodeling of the county courthouse.</p><br>
<p>A new location for the jail was chosen behind Main Street between Church and Tugaloo Streets. It was completed by at least 1906. It was used by the county sheriff and as a jail until 1978.</p><br>
<p>A report from a 1915 visit by the Board of Charities and Correction indicated that the average number of prisoners was 3.7. The white male prisoners were kept in a large room. African-American prisoners were kept in four cells. There was one room for female prisoners, but it was rarely occupied. Oconee County was one of the few in South Carolina that served three meals each day. The prisoners did practically no labor.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The jail was a two-story, stuccoed brick building with an asymmetrical plan. The building has been described as neomedieval or Gothic Revival style. The jail was very similar to one built in Anderson County that was designed by Frank P. Milburn.</p><br>
<p>The front section contains the sheriff&#39;s office and residence. It has a hip roof and three ells. The facade, which faces southwest, has a gabled ell on the left with a stepped parapet. This forward ell had a pair of one over one light windows at each level, and there was a multi-light attic window below the parapet. There was a one-story porch that extended across the front and around the left ell. This had a metal roof supported by grouped wooden columns.</p><br>
<p>There was a wing toward the right terminating in a polygonal bay with a crenellated parapet. There was a tall, stuccoed brick chimney at the junction of the main block and the bay. The bay had a one over one light window on each facet. On the right elevation, there was a one-story porch with an auxiliary entrance. Above this porch, there were three one over one lights.</p><br>
<p>On the left elevation, there were three bays with a tall, stuccoed brick chimney between the second and third bay. There was a one-story porch along the left elevation that abutted another projecting, gabled ell. The end of this ell had two one over one lights on each story and a multi-light window below a stepped parapet.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building had an L-shaped hallway that led to the right and left elevations. There were four main rooms that had wooden floors, plaster walls and ceilings, and wooden window and door surrounds ornamented with routings.</p><br>
<p>The detention wing, added in 1939–1939 to replace the original detention wing, was a poured concrete building with a stucco finish. This had a flat roof with unadorned parapet. Metal-barred windows lit the corridors.</p><br>
<p>There was a steel door that connected the main building with the detention wing. The first floor of the detention facility has single and double cells on either side of a hallway. The second level had a large caged, bunk room with a shower and dining area.</p><br>
<p>Pictures of the jail are available.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church of Ontario Center is a historic Presbyterian church located at Ontario Center in Wayne County, New York. It was built in 1914 and is a Tudor Revival style concrete block church cast to resemble rusticated masonry. It is roughly square in plan and topped by a cross gable roof. The front facade features a massive square corner tower capped with a crenelated parapet.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Customs House, also known as the Old Customs House, is a historic customs house located at Sodus Point in Wayne County, New York. It is a 25 feet wide by 35 feet deep, two story, Italianate style brick structure with sandstone trim built in 1874. It was built originally as a bank building, then in 1885 was purchased by the Pennsylvania Railroad, who leased it to the USA government for use as a customs house and post office. Government use of the building ceased in 1968.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Red Brick Church is a historic Baptist church located at Sodus Center in Wayne County, New York. The former meeting house is a two-story, gable roofed rectangular brick building resting on a slightly raised fieldstone foundation. It was built in 1824–1826 to serve the areas first Baptist society and served as a house of worship until 1926. Also on the property is a burying ground with the earliest gravestone dating to 1809.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Jackson–Perkins House is a historic home located at Newark in Wayne County, New York. It is a Tudor Revival style residence purchased in 1864, rebuilt in 1889, and remodeled to its current form in 1921–1922. It was once the home of the Jackson and Perkins families, who once operated a large rose growing facility nearby known as Jackson & Perkins Company. On the 2.66 acre property are elements of the original landscape design including the entrance drive, access path, formal fountain in a garden setting, greenhouse foundation, and many mature trees and shrubs.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006 and is currently a bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>Smith-Ely Mansion is a historic home located at Clyde in Wayne County, New York. It is a large, 2½-story brick masonry residence featuring elements of the Classical Revival style. The original house was built about 1850 and extensively altered in 1875–1877. That renovation added an extensive verandah and 3-story tower. The front is dominated by a colossal, four-columned portico added during a renovation dated to 1908–1911.</p><br>
<p>The Erie Mansion has been known through the years as the Smith-Ely Mansion. Today it has been transformed into a bed and breakfast and renamed The Erie Mansion.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>H. G. Hotchkiss Essential Oil Company Plant is a historic factory located at Lyons in Wayne County, New York. The remaining two story commercial building is an example of a small frame structure featuring a double storefront with modest ornamentation. It was built about 1884 on the foundations of an earlier structure and is located on the bank of the original Erie Canal. It was occupied by a major producer of essential oils, principally peppermint oil used in the manufacture of patent medicine.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Gates Hall and Pultneyville Public Square is a historic theater and village green located at Pultneyville in Wayne County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Gates Hall was built in 1826 by the Union Church Society as a place of worship for the community&#39;s Methodists, Presbyterians, and Episcopalians.</p><br>
<p>In 1867, the building began to be used as a summer season community theater. Theater performances have taken place every calendar year since 1867, making Gates Hall both the oldest and the longest running community theater in the United States.</p><br>
<p>It was remodeled in 1894 in the Queen Anne style to serve as a multipurpose civic building. It is a two-story, gable roofed building resting on a raised basement. Pultneyville Public Square is a village green, approximately one acre in extent, that serves the passive recreational needs of the hamlet.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
